微波消解法提取定量复杂土壤介质中微塑料的方法

何欢; 殷婷; 黄斌; 刘坤乾; 黄海游; 潘学军

doi:10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2022.047

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微波消解法提取定量复杂土壤介质中微塑料的方法

环境工程 | 更新时间：2023-05-25

- 微波消解法提取定量复杂土壤介质中微塑料的方法
- Microwave digestion method for quantitative extraction of microplastics from complex soil media
- 土木与环境工程学报 2023年45卷第3期页码：134-144
- 作者机构：
  
  昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院，昆明 650500
- 作者简介：
  
  何欢（1992-），男，副教授，主要从事水体新污染物的环境迁移转化行为与防治技术研究，E-mail：huanhe08@kust.edu.cn。
  黄斌（通信作者），男，教授，博士生导师，E-mail：huangbin@kust.edu.cn。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金(42067056);云南省杰出青年人才基金(202101AV70006);广东省环境污染控制与修复技术重点实验室研究基金(2020B1212060022)
- DOI：10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2022.047
  中图分类号： X53
- 收稿：2022-03-08，
  
  纸质出版：2023-06-25
- 稿件说明：
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何欢, 殷婷, 黄斌, 等. 微波消解法提取定量复杂土壤介质中微塑料的方法[J]. 土木与环境工程学报, 2023,45(3):134-144.

HE Huan, YIN Ting, HUANG Bin, et al. Microwave digestion method for quantitative extraction of microplastics from complex soil media[J]. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2023, 45(3): 134-144.
何欢, 殷婷, 黄斌, 等. 微波消解法提取定量复杂土壤介质中微塑料的方法[J]. 土木与环境工程学报, 2023,45(3):134-144. DOI： 10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2022.047.

HE Huan, YIN Ting, HUANG Bin, et al. Microwave digestion method for quantitative extraction of microplastics from complex soil media[J]. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2023, 45(3): 134-144. DOI： 10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2022.047.

摘要

随着塑料制品的大规模使用，土壤环境中微塑料含量不断增加，土壤中微塑料的污染问题已引起广泛关注。目前

缺乏标准化的检测和定量方法是阻碍评估其对土壤环境生态产生风险的主要因素。复杂土壤介质中微塑料的检测方法仍然没有同质化，这严重影响了研究结果的可比性和可靠性。采用微波消解法，通过优选微波消解最佳操作条件（酸体系、升温程序及加酸量），尝试从复杂土壤介质中一次性提取微塑料。结果表明：采用15 mL HCl+5 mL HNO

+3 mL HF的酸体系可将0.1 g的土壤完全消解并从中提取出微塑料。在加标试验中发现，6种微塑料聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）、聚丙烯（PP）提取效率分别为126%、146%、51%、85%、96%、162%。PS、PE、PP塑料消解后质量均变重，可能是因为酸与微塑料发生了物理化学反应，使其表面性质发生改变，从而导致消解后微塑料的孔隙度增大，对金属或有机物吸附能力增强；PMMA、PVC在该条件下的提取效率较好，可达到80%以上。通过对塑料表面形貌的分析发现，所有方法中塑料颗粒都有降解的迹象，但通过分析傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)结果发现，消解过程不影响塑料种类的识别。目前的方法还只适用于定性和初步定量分析，标准化定量还需进一步探索。

Abstract

The large-scale use of plastic products has caused the increasing content of microplastics (MPs) in soils

which has attracted extensive attention. At present

the main factor that obstructs the assessment of soil environmental ecological risk is the lack of standardized testing and quantitative methods. However

the detection methods of MPs in complex soil media were still not homogeneous

which seriously affected the comparability and reliability of the previous studies. In this study

the microwave digestion method was used to extract MPs at once from complex soil media by optimizing the microwave digestion conditions (acid system

the heating procedure and the amount of acid added). The results showed that 0.1 g soil could be completely microwave digested by 15 mL HCl + 5 mL HNO

+ 3 mL HF

and MPs could be completely extracted from the soil. Besides

the extraction efficiencies of polystyrene (PS)

polyethylene (PE)

polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polypropylene (PP) in the scaling experiment were 126%

146%

51%

85%

96% and 162%

respectively. The weight of plastics (PS

PE and PP) was increased after digestion

possibly because the physical and chemical reaction between acids and MPs could change the surface properties of MPs

resulting in the higher porosity of MPs. The adsorption capacity of metals and organic matters were increased. However

the extraction efficiency of PMMA and PVC was above 80% under the condition. All plastic particles showed the degradation in the microwave digestion through the analysis of plastic surface morphology

but the results of Fourier infrared conversion spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that microwave digestion did not affect the identification of plastic types. However

the current method is only be applicable to qualitative and preliminary quantitative analysis

standardized quantitative analysis needs to be further explored.

关键词

Keywords

references

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