Three-dimensional wind field characteristics of photovoltaic power stations under complex mountainous terrain

ZHANG Dunyuan; MA Jingtao; SU Caijun; GAO Ke; ZHOU Haixi; WANG Runzhang; YANG Bo

doi:10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2026.035

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Three-dimensional wind field characteristics of photovoltaic power stations under complex mountainous terrain

更新时间：2026-05-20

- Three-dimensional wind field characteristics of photovoltaic power stations under complex mountainous terrain
- Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pages: 1-15(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.四川蜀道清洁能源集团有限公司建设管理分公司，成都 610041
  2.盐源蜀道清洁能源有限公司，四川西昌 615700
  3.隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司，西安 710018
  4.重庆大学土木工程学院；山区土木工程安全与韧性全国重点实验室，重庆 400045
- 作者简介：
  
  ZHANG Dunyuan (1988- ), main research interests: wind-resistant and seismic-resistant structural in the field of new energy, E-mail: kmustzdy@163.com.
  YANG Bo （corresponding author）， professor， doctorial supervisor， E-mail： yang0206@cqu.edu.cn.
- 基金信息：
  
  National Key Research and Development Program(2024YFF0505400)
- DOI：10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2026.035
  CLC： TU312.1
- Received：13 February 2026，
  
  Online First：20 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
张敦元,马竞涛,苏才军等.复杂山地地形光伏电站的三维风场特性[J].土木与环境工程学报,

ZHANG Dunyuan,MA Jingtao,SU Caijun,et al.Three-dimensional wind field characteristics of photovoltaic power stations under complex mountainous terrain[J].Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
张敦元,马竞涛,苏才军等.复杂山地地形光伏电站的三维风场特性[J].土木与环境工程学报, DOI：10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2026.035.

ZHANG Dunyuan,MA Jingtao,SU Caijun,et al.Three-dimensional wind field characteristics of photovoltaic power stations under complex mountainous terrain[J].Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, DOI：10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2026.035.

摘要

为探究凉山盐源高原山地典型光伏电站选址地形对风场特性影响，以实际光伏场址三维地形为基础，采用风洞试验和CFD数值模拟相结合的方法开展研究。首先基于Global Mapper与Rhino软件建立真实山地缩尺地形模型，依托直流式风洞，采用眼镜蛇三维脉动风速测量系统对0°~315°共8种风向条件下不同典型位置和高度处的三维风速进行测量，系统分析不同风向角下典型地形水平风速加速效应及竖向风速分布特征；将不同风向角下典型地形位置的水平风速加速比与规范推荐值进行对比分析。随后基于风洞试验数据建立CFD分析模型，对不同风向条件下整体地形风场进行数值模拟，以揭示水平风速空间分布规律。结果表明，复杂山地地形对近地层风场具有显著影响，不同地形位置和风向角下水平风速加速效应差异显著，且随高度增加逐渐减弱；现行规范在山顶及山腰区域给出的水平风速加速比整体偏于保守，其中美国规范与试验结果吻合度较高；不同工况下竖向风速占比整体较小，但在山腰及局部地形突变区域的中低高度范围内仍存在显著抬升或下沉气流。

Abstract

To investigate the topographic effects of typical photovoltaic sites on wind field characteristics in the plateau mountainous area of Yanyuan County (Liangshan Prefecture)

a combined approach involving wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations was adopted based on the refined three-dimensional terrain of an actual photovoltaic power station. First

a scaled terrain model representing the natural mountainous landform was established using Global Mapper and Rhino software. Wind tunnel tests were conducted in the closed-circuit wind tunnel. A Cobra probe anemometer was employed to measure the three-dimensional wind velocity at different representative positions and vertical heights under eight wind directions ranging from 0° to 315°. Based on the experimental data

terrain-induced horizontal wind speed-up effects and the distribution patterns of vertical wind velocity were systematically analyzed. Additionally

horizontal wind speed-up ratios at typical topographic locations were compared with the recommended values stipulated by mainstream international design codes. Subsequently

a CFD model was calibrated against wind tunnel measurements to conduct full-terrain wind field simulations under varying wind directions

aiming to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of horizontal wind velocity. The results indicate that complex mountainous terrain has a significant impact on the near-surface wind field. The horizontal wind speed-up effect varies considerably with terrain location and wind direction

and gradually declines with increasing height. The horizontal speed-up ratios specified in current international codes are generally conservative for ridge tops and mid-slope regions

among which the American code shows relatively good agreement with the experimental results. Although the overall proportion of vertical wind speed is small under most conditions

noticeable updrafts and downdrafts still occur at low to intermediate heights in mid-slope areas and regions with abrupt terrain changes. The findings of this study provide experimental evidence and reference values for the wind-resistant design of photovoltaic support structures and the determination of wind load parameters in complex high-altitude mountainous areas.

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